Modeling HIV Drug Pharmacodynamics

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                 Complete elimination of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) presents a challenge due to latent viral reservoirs within the body that can help re-establish infection. In a news
 paper, researchers propose a mathematical model that investigates the effects of drug parameters and dosing schedules on HIV latent reservoirs and viral load dynamics.
The virus replicates by inserting itself into the genetic code of CD4+ memory T-cells, human immune cells essential to the body's immune response. While antiretroviral therapy (ART) can interfere with this replication process, complete elimination of the virus is a challenge, since HIV maintains latent viral reservoirs within the body that can help re-establish infection. Viral reservoirs exist within resting CD4+ memory T-cells that maintain replication-competent HIV for extended time periods, allowing viral persistence even in the face of immune surveillance or antiretroviral therapy.
As Naveen Vaidya, a mathematics professor at San Diego State University, explains, "Currently there is no cure for HIV, presumably due to the establishment of latently infected cells that cannot be destroyed by available antiretroviral therapy. Hence, the primary focus of current HIV research has been to destruct HIV latent infections, and as part of this effort, initiation of antiretroviral therapy early in infection to avoid the formation of latently infected cells has been considered as potential means of successful HIV cure."
             "We have developed theories of infection threshold that help identify values of drug-related parameters for avoiding latent infections," Vaidya says. "Our results on detailed analysis of Pharmacodynamics can contribute significantly to the study of drug-related parameters for controlling HIV latent infection and possibly HIV cure."
               "Furthermore, our future modeling study will include the effects of drug Pharmacodynamics on treatment outcomes in HIV patients under conditioning of drugs of abuse, and identifying optimal control regimens for successful reduction of latent infections."
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